Cost of Ambition in Macbeth Essay

Human society burdens itself with generating organizational systems of rank to distinguish groups of people. Ambition — the quest for power — is a foremost drive embedded in the human spirit that motives men to better themselves. This quest is seen in Shakespeare’s tragic play Macbeth with the titular character who strives to achieve and maintain ultimate power. The central aspect of Macbeth lies with the title character’s desire to both follow and diverge from his destiny. After hearing of his future greatness from the seemingly omnipotent Weird Sisters, Macbeth comes to realize the latent ambition trapped within him (Act 1, Scene III). This initial realization of potential unbars him from his prior self (a life of both honor and prestige) to transcend his well-established morals. Macbeth yearns for power over his country and over his fellow man, ambitions that lead him down a dark and bloody path. Shakespeare uses this fall from good graces to demonstrate to readers the cost of being overambitious. Prophecy foretold of Macbeth’s future rule as king and alluded to his eventual fate with a message of warning. However, in contrast of the warning to be wary, it was also said that no man born of a woman — as every man is — held decisive power over Macbeth (Act 4, Scene I). This bold statement lends greatly to the expansion of Macbeth’s irrationality during his later tirades. His overly ambitious quest for power motivates him to prematurely end the life of the current king, an act he has no need to execute, for had the prophecy of his kingship really been true, he’d have been crowned sooner or later, but his lust for power blinds him to this fact (Act 1, Scene V). Given his reputation as a war hero, none surmount the treachery of suspecting Macbeth of committing such a crime, especially when the cover-up was so well planned. For this reason, Macbeth could work behind the scenes, plotting his takeover of the country and none would dare suspect malicious intentions from him. In this way, his ambition was unchecked. As mentioned, Macbeth entirely disregards the prophecy warning that certain dangers threaten his prosperity as king. He does this not due to a lack of superstition; he clearly believes in the Weird Sisters’ words of praise and success. He does so because he holds the premonition of fortune on higher grounds that that of misfortune. Thus, that men are blinded by ambition is another message Shakespeare hoped to convey. The very same ambition — rather, the fear of losing the product of that ambition — led Macbeth to challenge the same prophecy that granted him the throne. He sought victory over all, took up arms against fate, and marched towards an undefeatable destiny by slaughtering any kinsmen with a possibility of stealing the throne away from him (Act 3, Scene I). These repeated ventures into meaningless manslaughter lead him further down a destructive path laid out for him by his desire for power. The desire corrupts him, and greater forces rise in opposition. Shakespeare’s powerful storytelling shines here as Macbeth’s obsession with power is met by the force of balance. Macbeth oversteps his bounds to prematurely attain a rank already in his possession; as a reaction, the righteous force of Macduff, a man seeking only the best for the country, rose to oppose him. Herein we discover the most important of messages: ambition void of righteousness leads nowhere. Macduff also sought power, power over those who would bring forth the destruction of his beloved country. Ina conflict between two opposing power-seekers, as Shakespeare makes evident by the death of Macbeth by the hands of Macduff, the more righteous force is destined to prevail (Act V, Scene VII). Macbeth suffered from a devastating internal conflict: coming to terms with the idea that one lived with strength to usurp his power. Swollen with pride, he denied that any such being existed and thus became further susceptible to Macduff’s greater strength. Shakespeare conveys how the quest for power is a truly crippling experience when taken outside the bounds of rational thought. His character Macbeth actively seeks what is owed to by by the passage of time and ultimately pays the price for his misjudgment. Had Macbeth rationalized the situations presented to him by the Weird Sisters, he’d have taken their words as the prophecy of a reward for his national pride, not as instruments of corruption.

Investigatory Project Mosquito Repellent

I. IntroductionA. Background of the StudyMosquitoes are common pests in the tropics they have been known to cause many disease to most people. The real danger of mosquito lie their ability to transmit diseases like yellow fever, malaria, and dengue people have used various instruments control the mosquito problem in homes. The most commonly used chemical insecticides sprays. Most of these can destroy mosquitoes but they can also do serious damage to humans as well. So the researchers decide to make a new change into our lives researchers prefer a natural insecticide in is not only affordable but it is also a health caring not like in chemical it is toxic and it is not environmental friendly in this case our planet earth undergoes a global warming so instead using a chemicals we used a natural ones.B. Significance of the ProjectIt can prevent and use to kill mosquitoes in our house or anywhere it also prevent the insect borne disease like malaria, yellow fever, dengue and many more it is not hazard into our health because its ingredients is finely arranged to make this project in a good phase it has good basis to use for likewise chemical repellent is not good for our health because of the chemicals, chemical is toxic to our health. And it is environment friendly not like the chemical ones not only our health is affected when we use a chemical insect repellent but also our dear mother Earth its chemical release cfc gases (ChloroFluoroCarbon) that traps the heat in our planet and causes global warming.C. Statement of the ProblemIs a natural mosquito repellent as effective and safer to use, commercial mosquito repellents found in markets? Can it be used in long ranges?D. HypothesisThe natural mosquito repellent is more safe and effective than the commercial repellent found in markets because it doesn’t contain chemicals.E. Objectives1. To have an alternative for a chemical insecticides.2. To kill mosquitoes and to prevent diseases coming from mosquitoes tha t results in death.3. To protect your family in the real danger of mosquito like malaria and dengue.F. Scope and LimitationsThis product is not to be used in wide area because it cannot kill all mosquitoes for only one time spraying and of course it is not like the chemical ones in a trial it can kills some of those and the delimitations is it not harmful in our environment because it is an environmental friendly and it cannot affect our health because it is made up of natural ingredients made up of nature product so that it is not harmful.G. Definition of TermsMalaria- an intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite which invades the red blood cells and is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions. Mosquito- a slender long-legged fly with aquatic larvae. The bite of the bloodsucking female can transmit a number of serious diseases including malaria and elephantiasis. Dengue- a debilitating viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosq uitoes, and causing sudden fever and acute pains in the joints. Insecticides- a substance used for killing insects.Chemicals- a distinct compound or substance, especially one which has been artificially prepared or purified. Toxic- substance means any chemical or mixture that may be harmful to the environment and to human health if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. Organic- Any member of a  large class of chemical compounds whose molecules compound carbon.II. Review of Related LiteratureA. Related LiteratureAccording to blogspot.com , an insect repellent is a substance applied to skin or clothing, other substance it may be in solid form or in liquid form which discourages insects from landing or climbing on that surface. Insect repellent help prevent and control the outbreak of insect borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and other diseases. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include the insects flea fly and mosquito. Mosquito es have complex methods of detecting hosts and different types of mosquitoes react to different stimuli.Most mosquitoes are active at dawn and dusk but there are also mosquitoes that seek hosts during the day. You can avoid being bitten by making sure you aren’t attracting mosquitoes, using attractants to lure mosquitoes else where, using a repellent, and avoiding actions that diminish the effectiveness of the repellent. It has been claimed that it can be used as a home remedy to help speed recovery from throat or other minor ailments because of it antibiotic properties. Treatment, health benefits & side effects with Science Investigatory Project Review Related Literature About Mosquito Repellent products.Many of the sources come from our Encyclopedia of Natural Health and include relevant health topics. Uses vary, but may include Fighting Bacterial and Viral Infections, and Boost Mental Focus Utilizing Phospholipids and are non-FDA reviewed or approved, natural alternatives, to use for Chemotherapy, and Weakened Immune System. Science Investigatory Project Review Related Literature About Mosquito Repellent products are reviewed below.

Qualitative versus Quantitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Qualitative versus Quantitative Research - Essay Example Participant viewpoints. A desire to explore and present the various subjective perspectives of participants is associated with qualitative research. Its privileging of subjectivity is also seen in the way that the interpretation of the data is influenced by the researcher’s own biography together with their involvement with people in the study. Small-scale studies. Qualitative researchers are interested in deep exploration in order to provide rich, detailed, holistic description as well as explanation. Therefore, small samples are the norm. Holistic focus. â€Å"Rather than directing their attention to one or two isolated variables, qualitative researchers tend to be oriented to a wide range of interconnected activities, experiences, beliefs and values of people in terms of the context in which they are situated. This provokes qualitative researchers to account for a multiplicity of dimensions and relationships in the context†. (Daymon, 2002, p. 23) Flexible. Although researchers have a topic and an agenda which fuel their research progress, they are usually committed to exploring new and often surprising avenues that emerge as informants reveal their understandings and interests. Research procedures may be unstructured, adaptable and sometimes spontaneous. At times the research process may even be described as rather ‘messy’ as researchers attempt to unpack the complexities of the social world of public relations and marketing communications. Natural settings. On the whole, qualitative investigations are carried out in people's natural environments such as in their offices or where they shop. This enables researchers to observe how they go about their routine activities and

Populism vs. Progressivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Populism vs. Progressivism - Essay Example emands of the populist movement were direct election of the senators, graduated income tax, Secret Australian ballot, regulation of the railroad and something to do with the ratio of gold and silver in currency notes. The movement failed and dispersed in 1896 when William Jennings Bryan lost the Presidential election. During the 1890s, novelists, journalists and critics investigated and voiced political and social corruption. The educated class of the urban population responded and it slowly grew into the Progressive era. The Progressive era significantly transformed the political structure of the country by bringing the urban population to the central attention of politicians. Reforms sought by the populist movement were attained during the Progressive era and a few other reforms took place too. The 16th Amendment to the constitution brought graduated income tax, 17th brought direct election of senators. Secret Australian ballot was also provisioned and railroads became more regulated. Other reforms include prohibition of alcohol and women’s suffrage by the 18th and 19th amendments respectively. (Hofstadter, 2011) The Progressive era was far more successful than the populist movement. A far better reach and deep penetration into the society are visible reasons behind this phenomenon. Populism was a movement backed by farmers while Progressive movement consisted of educated elites in cities. Internal divisions and divided factions was also a prominent reason why the populist movement did not last

Bullying laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bullying laws - Research Paper Example During the process of stopping bullying, there are three major elements to the process: imposing high penalties for the bullying, educating the bullies and protecting the victims of bullying (San Antonio and Salzfass 32-38). Among the different courses that are likely to eliminate bullying, educating bullies can help eliminate the issue, because many of them may not be aware of how much damage, they cause by bullying their victims. The second is to punish them heavily, and this one will help in curbing bullying, because it will make the bullies stop the bullying, due to the fear of the penalties. The third channel of addressing the issue is through working with the victims of the bullying, where they are reminded of their worth and the need to be assertive to the bullies, without really being aggressive (McCallion and Feder 2). However, for these different solution channels to work, there is need to have a proper policy and legal framework defining what amounts to bullying, defining the penalties to be borne by bullies and to offer platforms for addressing the issue of bullying. ... The 2010 statistics, further, report that there has been an increment in cyber bullying levels, where the cyber space is offering a new and more concealable channel for bullying (Bullying Statistics 1). The problem is very common among children and teens, although cyber bullying is the most prevalent channel used during school hours and after school. The increased uptake of social networking services has also offered an entirely new environment for bullies to exercise their authority above their victims, where approximately 2.7 million studies are bullied by an estimated 2.1 million bullies, every year (Hinduja and Patchin 4). Due to the evidence of the wide occurrence of bullying, which can take place among peers, propagated by young on the aged or by older people on younger victims; it becomes clear that there is a need to have laws to address the issue. For example, there are documented cases where teachers have been bullying their students, where such cases warrant legal action ( Bullying Statistics (b) 1). These bullying laws will be aimed at preventing bullying, or addressing it after it takes place. Presently, the dominant laws covering this issue are state laws, but the inefficiencies of these in stopping bullying depict the need to develop national laws addressing the issue (Bullying Statistics (b) 1). Further, many of the laws against bullying are aimed at school audience, and many do not criminalize the practice of bullying. For that reason, situations of bullying are handled at the school and home level, and not allowed to proceed to the courts. For that reason, this paper takes the stand that there is a need to criminalize

Handwriting a letter versus sending an e-mail message Essay - 1

Handwriting a letter versus sending an e-mail message - Essay Example Henry Ford was the industrialist for whom the Ford Motor Company was named. In 1891, Ford went to work for the Edison Illuminating Company (Later Detroit Edison Company). He advanced rapidly and became chief engineer. In his spare time, he worked in a building behind his home to build a â€Å"horseless carriage.† Thomas A. Edison, who later became a close friend, encouraged him at their first meeting in 1895. The next year Ford completed his first working model of an automobile. He later built several racing cars, including the 999 in which Barney Oldfield broke the world’s speed records in 1902 and 1903. Ford himself set a new record (91.3 miles per hour) (Collier 34). In addition, a coal leader Alex Y. Malcomson, became interested in Ford’s car after Ford had failed twice to get into manufacturing. In 1903, Malcomson, Ford, and 10 other men formed the Ford Motor Company. After buying out Malcomson and two other stockholders in 1907-07, Ford became president and the dominant figure in the company. However, he shared control until 1915 with James Couzens, later United States senator from Michigan (Collier 35-37). In 1911 Ford won a lengthy court fight in which it was decided that he had not infringed on the automotive patents of George B. Selden. This victory not only saved the Ford Motor Company from possible ruin, but benefited the entire industry be freeing other manufacturers from the necessity of paying royalties. By 1915, Ford’s company was producing almost half of all the automobiles sold in the United States (Collier 37). Furthermore, He is considered the man who â€Å"put America on wheels† because the assembly-line method of manufacturing, which he pioneered, allowed him to become the first to produce low-priced autos in large quantities (Collier 41). His Model T â€Å"Tin Lizzie,† produced from 1908 to 1927 and coming in

The changeling by Thomas Middleton Research Paper

The changeling by Thomas Middleton - Research Paper Example It was interesting to note how their personalities changed during the course of the journey of the story, and how they went through various changes over the course of their respective lives, also intertwined with each others’ because of the various events that took place in their daily lives. Therefore, the focus of this paper has been aligned to the different characters’ existences and how they cope with things that come their way and come to be known in the end. This is mainly a play centred on the idea of sexual tensions between people and how physical beauty always at first outlives a person’s inner beauty and personality. The characters develop and understand their own selves over the course of the entire play and come to terms with themselves as to how they should have been. (Middleton Thomas, Rowley William 1) In The Changeling, Beatrice-Joanna comes across to the readers as someone who portrays a sense of rhetoric love. She is a woman who catches the attention of two men at once, and throughout the course of the play, she displays a reflection of the desires of both of them, which coincide and conflict with each other, at the same time. Beatrice-Joanna is Vermandero’s daughter. She is a shrewd young woman whose interests lie in a number of things. She makes men fall for her in order to get her dirty work done, for example, the way she behaves with DeFlores throughout the play. She entices men by making them believe that she will give them what they want most with her – some alone time in the bedroom. â€Å"Forsooth, if we are to hear of no wickedness, history must be done away with. So those comedies should be prized which condemn the vices which they bring to our ears, especially when the life of impure women ends in an unhappy death.† Scaliger, a literature critic, said this in reference to Beatrice and the actual impurity that lay within her. With a more thorough analysis given below, with regard to her

AB Electrolux Challenges Times in the Appliance Industry Case Study

AB Electrolux Challenges Times in the Appliance Industry - Case Study Example Thirdly, they have implemented a restructuring program of production for the past six years to relocate 60% of its manufacturing to countries of low-cost including Mexico and china (Hill & Jones, 2012). Their goal was to reduce it overall consumption of energy by 15% of its 2008 levels by 2012 to achieve efficient consumption of energy in its manufacturing. The company has also launched a green product range in all its business sectors to heighten its awareness of its energy efficient and products that are considerable to the environment. The other strategy was a move to outsource its production from developed countries in a bid to come up with high quality products. However, the company needs to be mindful of the cost of labor in such countries which is fast rising (Hill & Jones, 2012). The company has also embraced advanced technology to meet the changing demand and tastes of appliances by consumers, For instance the development of vacuums that transmit lower noises. All these strategies have been influential fro the company in its business setting and is slowly gaining its competitive advantage in the

Case Study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case Study analysis - Essay Example An organization without a vision, mission, purpose and values is doomed to fail. It is hard for such an organization to be able to set their goals and objectives. The organization has no defined future and does not know what it exists to do. Vision, mission and values help an organization to have common goals and objectives in an organization. The management expects to maximize the level of their profits. They also expect to lower their operating costs. Considering the level of competition in the industry, the management expects to have a viable benefit over their competitors. The management also expects to have the right people for the job. They expect to be treated with respect and dignity. They also expect the company will produce products of high quality that will meet their needs. The customers expect the company will have the recent technology to improve their efficiency. There is a rapid change of technology, and the company does not want to adopt the new changes. The companies’ workforce has also changed with time as well as their needs. The company has to adapt to the changes and learn the needs of its workforce in order to keep them satisfied in the job. The company also needs to learn the changing needs of the customer in order to remain competitive in the market. The manager (Meyerson) moral development is within the stage of the social contract. Meyerson values different opinions and the rights of employees. The manager believes that the organization should adopt policies that lead to the satisfaction of the majority of workers. The manager has come up with new management styles that lead to the satisfaction of the majority of the employees. Meyerson has opened the communication channel in the organization for employees to access him directly. He has also embraced the problems of the workforce as problems of the whole organization. (Robbins, 2005) The model is ideal in evaluation of key

The Causes of Occupational Stress and Its Effects on Overall Dissertation

The Causes of Occupational Stress and Its Effects on Overall Performance within Oil and Gas Industry - Dissertation Example Stress can be described as a reaction or feeling that an individual experiences. The examples of workplace stressor include being overworked and time pressures. It is a condition or difficult situation that disturb or is expected to upset the normal physiological functioning of an individual. It is the response of a body which is harmful in nature that tends to disturb its physiological equilibrium (Cooper & Et. Al., 2010). Response Based Stress Response based stress is the form of strain, pressure and tension. The approach of response based stress is to understand stress which appears to describe an intangible happening hence it can be analysed as outcome. In research terms, it can be explained as dependant variable, where the major hypothetical field is the sign of stress (Cooper & Et. Al., 2010). . Occupational Stress There is a negative upsetting experience within an individual in a workplace which is complex as well as dynamic process and directly or indirectly affects the physiological factors of individuals such as gastrointestinal disorders, mental trauma, musculoskeletal pain and cardiovascular diseases. It is risky to work in a stressful environment as it may be physically harmful which is called as symptom for psychological distress (Clarke & Cooper, 2004). According to National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the number of cumulative trauma of the US employees has increased and there were large number of personal injuries in the United Kingdom. The cumulative trauma mentally affects a person due to continuous exposure to occupational stress (Clarke & Cooper, 2004). A various number of studies in the earlier days have shown that occupational stress has been considered as the prime risky aspect for mental illness among the workers in an occupation. It has been analysed by Stansfeld and Candy that combining high demands with low decision latitude along with high efforts with low rewards were eventually a factor which causes mental disorders (Stansfeld & Candy, 2006). Causes The cause of stress depends upon structure of the workplace and type of job that an individual does in an organisation. The stress is caused due to following reasons: Demand: The demand factor is the main cause for stress; it depends upon workload of an in dividual. The work can expose an individual to different physical risks such as fire, noise, chemicals and others. Control: An individual gets involved in making decision and influences others in a workplace. Relationship: The bad relationship with team members,

History about the war Essay Example for Free

History about the war Essay It is very true that the United States overthrew Guatemala, Chile and Iran. There are some motivations behind the overthrows. One of the motivations behind the overthrows is nationalism. This is because United Nations just like all other nations opposes nationalism. Other main motivations behind the United States overthrow to these countries include the urge to impose its ideology, gaining control of some of the valuable resources and the increase of its power. The United States also carries out coups, invasions and revolutions so that it can topple it feared or mistrusted. It also uses a variety of methods in persuading g other countries into assisting them with the coups revolutions and invasions. The methods used include the offering of booties to states that support its interests, time-honored strategies of diplomacy and retaliation threats to those countries that refuse to support them. In Chile United States launched its coup with the aim of propagating the spirit of good humanitarian ground. This is because Pinochet was highly involved in human rights violations because his security forces were perceived to be accountable for more than 3,197 murders of the Chilean citizens. 1,100 of the murdered citizens â€Å"disappeared† for they were abused to their death, thrown by the military from the helicopters into Pacific Ocean or buried into secret graves. The other reason as to why united states carried out the coup was to ensure that it prevented its consolidation and also limited the governments ability to implement some of the policies which were contrary to itself (U.  S) and also hemispheric interests. U. S also committed some coups with the aim of fostering its accessibility to some of the economically rich regions. For instance in 1953 Dulles ordered a coup on Iran which was intended to make Middle East very safe for American oil companies. United sates committed a coup in Guatemala because it disliked the communist policies which were set by Arbenz. He was perceived to be a communist because h e sought to give the landless some land or in other words he advocated for equal land distribution by giving peasants the idle lands which belonged to the upper class. Dulles had ordered the coup in Guatemala because he had disliked the way the nationalist government had confronted the power of the United Fruit Company which was represented by his old law firm (Npr. org, 01). United States of America was involved in what was called â€Å"people’s war† against fascism. All the American were in agreement with capitalists, democrats, republicans, communists, rich, poor and the middle class and this is why the war was referred to as the people’s war. This war was the trendiest in United States that the country had ever fought. This is because around 18 million people participated in the war. And over 25 million workers contributed financially to the war. The power of the nation, church, press and also chief radical organizations called for all-out war. The war was in opposition to an enemy of appalling evil. for instance Hitlers Germany was widening totalitarianism, , militarism and overt aggressive, and racism warfare outside what an already contemptuous world had gone through yet, the governments(the United States, England, the Soviet Union) accomplishing this represented something considerably different, so that their success would be a bluster to imperialism, totalitarianism, racism, militarism, in the world. America stepped up as the defender of vulnerable countries matching its image in American history textbooks for high school. For instance it opposed Haitian revolution for independence from France at the beginning of 19C. America just pursued its imperialist interests in the name of assisting the helpless countries for it instigated conflicts with Mexico taking half of the country. It also pretended to rescue Cuba from Spain at the same time it stagnated there with military base, rights of interventions and investments. It also grabbed Hawaii Guam and Puerto Rico it also took the con troll of panama by revolutionizing against Columbia. The main reason as to why US entered the WW II was to defend the principle referred to as the non-intervention of other country’s or states affairs but many questions arose about its credibility. United States was one of the victors in WW II thus coming into a position to dominate many areas in the world and also creating conditions for efficient and effective control at home. The war brought about higher prices for all farmers, enough prosperity, higher wages, higher prosperity unlike thirties which was accompanied by a lot of unemployment and economic distress. The war was pressing people at home because the budget was mainly to the advantage of military operations abroad without considering the needs of people at home. For example people were affected by the test of the nuclear weapons but the leaders argued that it was not harmful (libcom. org/history 1). The presence of the country in permanent war kind of economy proved to be very big pockets for poverty. The distribution of health also remained unequal with the highest family getting 45 % of all the income and the lowest family getting 5% there was unequal distribution of wealth, tax advantages and income. Many American citizens were afraid of communism and this was oppressing those who believed in it. Many people were against the war. This is because they felt that the war was only seeking to dominate other countries. They said that it was commercial, ruthless and imperialistic. Socialist parties opposed the war arguing that it was a crime against the people of United States many opponent claim that the war was a human violence because it was a murderous kind of business. Again the opponents argued that a lot of nation’s money is not well utilized when it is used in wars for there are many ways of cheap mediations which do not involve conflicts. Opponents felt that the war is inhuman to both countries because some of the devices used are harmful to innocent citizens (Zinn 355). Bernay’s ideas on social control can be used to think about Friedman’s book secret histories because they both assume that propaganda can be a very effective tool for manipulating and shaping public opinion in the current society. Friedman has quoted how America used propaganda into fostering war against other countries. For example it lied that it was going to assist helpless countries only for the American to star dominating investing in those countries. Edwards’s propaganda disagrees with skeptics who argue about low levels of illiteracy. He says that printed word played a very crucial role during the early reformation. This is because it enabled Luther in broadcasting his attack towards the traditional authorities with greater rapidity and also made it possible to co-ordinate some of the activities of scattered followers. The printed medium embodied the subversive messages it conveyed. Numerous duplicates of cheap agitatory pamphlets reinforced the message of lay involvement much to the disadvantage and distress of catholic publicist. Edward uses the character of early Lutheran teachings to stress the difference between the limited vernacular literatures to lay readers before 1512 and what is currently known to the historian familiar with lathers works. Luther’s views were highly publicized by catholic rebuttals. In the hidden sides of Vietnam War Friedman is trying to identify some of the truth. Friedman argues that during the Vietnam War the United States was only seeking to undermine Hanoi’s subversion of the Saigon regime by sending Vietnamese operatives behind the enemy’s line. The secret to most of the Americans was that this covert operation was far from secret in Hanoi because all the commandos were either killed or captured and thereafter turned into communists to report false information. Using Bernay’s propaganda we can say that the U. S propaganda did its job incorrectly. This is because the educated section of the population accepted the government Vietnam War propaganda without questions. The United States was the one attacking southern Vietnam but it claimed that it was not the one because most of the American population was against those attacks. Book Review. The book â€Å"voices of a people’s history of united states† by Howard Zinn talks about gives the history of the fight for human dignity. He highlights some of the most significance political acts which were perceived to be the sound of the real human voice. This book assist me in understanding the modern American history for it highlights the idea that the minimization of resistance can only be achieved through the propagation of the idea that power remains with people who have guns, who posses wealth, own newspapers and also those who own television stations. The book assists me in understanding the reason as to why there are movements to fight the lack of voice brought about by lack of power.

The Importance Of IHRM Management Essay

The Importance Of IHRM Management Essay Introduction Increasingly, companies are being wooed to expand into foreign lands and globalisation; a word so commonly hear nowadays till it seems to be a facet of modern business model. Some underlying reasons for companies to go global are technologies advancement, cost efficiency and trade specialisation. The above mentioned are just the tip of an iceberg as there are much more incentives which attract companies to globalize. However, as organisations reach outward for the market, many failed to recognise the importance of international human resource management (IHRM). Those organisations which hold little regard or no importance for IHRM often suffered setbacks and chain effect consequences. According to Stening et al (1997), while internationalisation of business has increased opportunities for organisations and staff, it has inevitability created a myriad of Human resource management (HRM) challenges related to multicultural workforce that is diverse. More then often, these challenges prove to be much complex and subtle in nature. In this essay, we will first look into the disparity between domestic and international HRM, the factors and elements that impetus the importance of IHRM and the knowledge and skill that are so relevant, yet scarce in our modern organisations structure. On top of that, we will be looking into the areas of problems and challenges that HR managers and the expatriates constantly faced. Disparity between Domestic and International HRM (IHRM) Many organisations often have a misconception when it comes to IHRM. They often think that they could simply applied domestic HRM policies overseas and attaining the same desire result back home. As a matter of fact, there is a vast difference between domestic HRM and IHRM, where the latter being much more complex and challenging. According to Stone(2008), domestic HRM is being defined as: HRM as practised within the geographical boundaries of one country. Its focus is the management of people in a single-country context While International HRM is being defined as: HRM as practised by multinational organisations. Its focus is the management of people in a multi-country context From Stones definitions, we can roughly tell the difference between domestic HRM and IHRM. Where domestic HRM is only practical in a single-country context, IHRM is applicable globally. Conceptualisation of International HRM policies Deriving from the basic of Human Resource Management (HRM), International HRM can be view as add on to the already existing HRM policies. Stone(2008), posed some valid questions with regard to developing international HRM policies. Some examples were: what kind of organisation are we looking at? Are we looking at a home country organisation, a multinational organisation or a truly global organisation? What are the organisations mission and vision? What is the organisation core business and how can the organisation be successful? And lastly, what type of culture is desired in the organisation. By answering Stone questions, HR managers can then conceptualise the basic foundation of the organisation, so as to set and streamline their HR policies to the organisation objectives. With that, we will be able to ensure that the organisation and their people are moving in the same direction. Challenges faced by International HRM Practising HRM in a different environment, culture and ethics background is sure challenging. Nevertheless, if IHRM is being executed appropriately, the reward reaped will contribute to the organisations growth indirectly. Some typical challenges that the HR managers faced are cross-cultural issues; training and development, remuneration package, performance appraisal and international staffing process. To fulfil these challenges, it is imperative that the HR managers are sensitive to the people and adaptable to the environment while their organisation establishes foothold globally. Cross-cultural issues Cross-cultural issues can turn disastrous if the HR managers are ignorant or refuse to spend efforts to understand the situations. Often so, this is the starting point where most misunderstanding and problems spawn. We will examine the few aspect of cross-cultural issues namely: communications, ethics and management style. Cross-cultural communications According to Stone(2008), cross-cultural communications occur when a person from one culture communicates with a person from another culture. Simple gestures, facial expressions and words can turn out to be very different in meaning, depending on the individual culture and priority they have for what and how things are being said or written. Stone went on further to break cross-cultural communications into two parts, high-context cultures and low-context cultures. Quoting from Stone(2008), high-context cultures can be defined as: Cultures where non-verbal communications (such as body language and gestures) and indirect language are use to transfer meaning And low-context cultures are being defined as: Cultures where verbal communications are explicit and direct. What is said is what is meant. High-context cultures can be commonly found in Asia countries where great importance is being placed in personal relationship like family relationship and friendships. It is crucial for HR managers to interpret the true meaning of what is being said over what the other party actually mean. Failure to do so will lead to unnecessary misunderstanding and confusion. Low-context cultures on the other hand are straight forward and simple. This culture is most prevalence in the western country where YES mean yes and NO simply mean no. HR managers should not beat around the bush when handling such situations. A direct and concise approach will lead to the progression of the matters on hand. Ethics Ethics can be explained as the ability to differentiate between right and wrong. It is a moral value instilled in one since young, and changes constantly due to environmental, religion influences and education level. What may seem right to you may be a big taboo to the others. As there are many grey areas where ethics is concern, extra sensitivity should always be bear in mind. This is especially so in situations where organisation do business in places where bribery and corruption are the key to business success or should organisation exploits the workers to their advantage when there is no worker union remains unanswered. HR managers should always refer back to the organisation values and direction so as to align their own judgment and ethics to the best of the organisation. Management style Management style can be greatly influence by the culture and the organisation structure. For example in Singapore Arm Forces (SAF), a military organisation; the management style has to be a top-down approach. When the commander has given a specific instruction, the rest will follow with no question asked and this management style is extremely critical especially during war time. Interestingly, this top-down approach or autocratic style is very common in Asia, mainly due to the respect and trust a subordinate has for their superiors, a clear display of cultural influence. Another management style which is a contrast to the top-down approach is the paternalistic style. This particular management style allows subordinates and their superiors to be on equal ground, allowing decision making to be distributed equally. This kind of management thrives in sectors where collative ideas are imperative to the success of the organisation. A good example will be the engineering or research sectors where there might be chances of a better idea coming from the subordinates instead. This kind of management style is widely practice in the western countries like United States, where children are taught to ask questions whenever they dont understand. Whichever management style to be apply will have to depend on the host country and their cultural background as well as the organisation core business. HR managers will have to be open minded and flexible as there is no one medicine that cure all illness. Training and development Training and development in foreign country can be a tricky issue. According to Stone(2008), diversity of the workforce, language and cultural differences will influence how the training and development program be structured. A very good example will be the language of the program to be conducted, should English or the host-country language be used? Are there any taboo topics which should be avoided? Which type of leaning style will attain the most desired result, instructional or facilitative style? These are the few areas of concerns that HR managers will tend to encounter frequently. As a general rule of thumb, new and innovative training and development can be good, but at the same time it should not deviate too much from the cultural norms. So as to ensure that the best end result can be achieve while not creating confusion and difficulties for the participants. Remuneration package National culture is an important consideration in strategic remuneration (Stone, 2008) Remuneration package will varies in different part of the world, depending heavily on the cultural environment of the host country. In places where seniority is valued, the remuneration style will be based on the rank and the number of years in service to the companies. Such remuneration style is prevalent in Asia countries and in organisation that adopt the hierarchy concept. A stark difference to this will be the meritocracy concept of remuneration package, where remuneration will be based on the individual achievement and contribution to the organisation. This style of remuneration is widely practice in the western country and in organisation where achievement and contribution can be quantified. Adopting the right remuneration package will not only spur employees to give their best but more importantly, it can retain the talents and boost the organisations reputation. Performance Appraisal Conventionally, performance appraisal was considered as a knotty problem in the HR function and internationalisation of organisation simply complicate this function further. Different cultures will have different appreciation for performance and it is virtually impossible to set a standard for performance. For example, to get a good performance appraisal in China, one will need to have good personal relationship with their superiors. (Lu et al, 1998) Knowing strong and influential people will also ensure a smooth work life. But this might not be the case in organisation where good performance simply mean high sales figure or other factors which can be quantified. Performance appraisal for expatriate is much more elaborated. The scarcity of resources available( eg. Poor infrastructure and communication) and the expatriate soft skill( eg. Adaptability and resourcefulness) must also be taken into account when doing their performance appraisal so as to establish a system of fairness to the expatriate. A reliable method to ensure that a professional and unbiased performance appraisal is being carried out is to have a set of guiding questions. These questions will act as a guide as to how a performance appraisal should be done. Stone(2008), listed a few questions which is fundamental to performance appraisal. Questions akin to definition of performance; what is the performance criteria; will the same criteria be use across all level of in the organisation and will the performance appraisal be assessed on a group or individual basis. International staffing process International staffing can also be term as international recruitment process. Organisations typically have three options of candidates namely the home country nationals, host country nationals and third country nationals. The home country nationals are the natural choice when it comes to international staffing as they are much well versed in the organisation goals, objectives and culture. Expatriate are constantly employed in global organisations. But what are the problems faced when employing expatriate? We can broadly classify the problems into expatriate selection and expatriate failure. Expatriate selection process Expatriate selection can be very complex in nature. Expatriate are constantly being expose to a spectrum of social and personal problems examples language barrier, culture differences and physical environment. If these are unanswered, it will ultimately lead to the failure of the expatriate. Organisation often perceive that a high flyer back home will do equally well in a foreign country, therefore emphasis is always on the expatriates work experience and capability rather than focusing on the expatriate ability to blend into the new environment. Stone (2008) did a survey from different HR managers all over the world. Stones survey was to determine the essential selection criteria on expatriate. Stones study revealed that different countries HR managers have different emphasis on the selection criteria, Stone went on further to suggested that this may be due to the different cultural values which the HR managers held. Stone concluded a list of desired selection criteria for expatriate and here are some of the criteria: effective communication; listening skill; stress tolerance; empathy; flexibility in dealing with foreign cultures; political skill and previous international experience. Expatriate failure Expatriate often fail due to their partner and their inability to adapt. (Stone, 2008) Adaptability seems to be the determinant factor for expatriate to make or break. Other factors include sub-standard performance, poor healthcare, safety implication and unattractive remuneration. (Insch et al, 2002) Such situations can be reduced if organisations have some pre-departure programs for their expatriates and families. Programs like cross cultural orientation where expatriate will gain knowledge of the cultural aspect of the host country so as to avoid cultural shock. Allowing the expatriates and their families to stay in the host country for about a month will enable the expatriates to adapt to the physical environment and slowly immense themselves into the countrys culture. To add on, providing a factual job scope and environment description to the expatriates will have them prepared mentally. All these will give the expatriates an expectation of the host country and avoid any unnecessary shock. Conclusion With the increasing of globalisation, international human resource management (IHRM) plays an important role in achieving the organisations goals. Organisations which recognise the importance of IHRM will definitely benefit than those who do not. They will be more ready to move their operations into another country and effectively manage their employees to achieve smooth operations of the organisations. As a HR manager, one has to be very sensitive and flexible to the cultural aspects. Besides that, having a good knowledge and positive attitude towards the host country will make the HR managers job less tedious. Organisations which rely heavily on expatriate must know the expatriate selection criteria well so as to send the best candidate out and reduce the chances of an expatriate failure. Comprehensive expatriate program must also be implemented in order to assist and prepare the expatriates for their long and scabrous journey. By preparing the expatriates adequately in terms of both physically and mentally will ensure that a pleasant job experience for the expatriate while maximising the expatriate capability and contributions to the organisation.

Political Objectives of the Falklands War

Political Objectives of the Falklands War War as a Strategic Tool of Policy: The Falklands War Did War prove to be a Successful Means of Achieving Political Objectives? Examine from both UK and Argentinean perspectives. In an essay of this brevity it would be impossible, and indeed unnecessary, to discuss fully the history of the Falkland Islands; we will therefore begin by discussing the immediate origins of the conflict before going on to discuss the strategic, economic and finally political objectives of both participants before reaching a conclusion as to weather the war proved a successful means of achieving each sides political objectives. Development of a Crisis. Argentina had been smarting for some years after the 19th century British occupation of the Falkland Islands, but the matter began to come to a head when they raised the question of sovereignty at the United Nations in 1964. At that time the British position was that sovereignty was non-negotiable, but that they were open to discussions regarding contact between the Islands and Argentina, as well as issues regarding the welfare of the Islanders themselves. An the beginning of 1966, the British Foreign Secretary held discussions regarding the Falklands with officials in Buenos Ares and later a meeting was held in London with the same issue on the agenda. The British strategy during these discussions was to defuse and potential difficulties and to essentially to maintain the then current position. The Argentinean delegations, however, wanted nothing short of a return of the Malvinas to Argentine sovereignty; from the very beginnings of the growing crisis the two sides had differing and indeed mutually exclusive, political and strategic objectives. After the discussions the British publicly stated that they had no strategic, political or economic interests in the Falkland Islands, all of which were untrue as we will see. The growing tension was not only felt among the higher echelons of Government, but also among the public, particularly in Argentina and on the Islands themselves. In September 1964 a light aircraft landed at Port Stanley and planted an Argentine flag, the pilot then took off and returned to Argentine without opposition. Exactly two years later a hijacked Argentine passenger airliner was forced to land on the Island and despite suspicions to the contrary the argentine government denied any involvement. These incidents helped to raise the existence of a British colony on its very doorstep to the Argentine populace, as did the British response of stationing a platoon of marines on the east of the Islands. In November 1966 the British proposed a thirty year freeze on discussions, after which time the islanders would be allowed to decide their own future, this was rejected by the Argentineans as it did not serve their immediate political objectives of a return of the islands. In March of the following year the British subjected that, under certain conditions, they would be prepared to cede sovereignty of the islands to Argentina. There were conditions attached, however, most notably that the wished of the islanders would be paramount. The islanders themselves lobbied parliament and the matter was dropped. The condition that the wished of the islanders be sacrosanct was to become the key underlying theme of British foreign policy with regard to ownership of the islands. The islanders themselves wished to remain a British protectorate and thus the British Government were forced to discount all proposals to the contrary. To the Argentineans, sovereignty was the key issue; thus their respec tive political objectives set the two nations on a collision course. With the political objectives seemingly firmly entrenched and mutually exclusive, it seems a little strange that the two sides continued to negotiate throughout the 1970’s. In the middle of June 1970, talks were concluded that resulted in improved communications between the Argentineans and the Falklanders. The Islanders were offered travel documents that allowed them to move freely in Argentine, as well as a generous range of financial incentives. The Argentines believed that they had made significant concessions and that the British had not reciprocated at all. In 1974 the British proposed a condominium, essentially joint control of the islands. The islanders themselves balked at the idea however. If the Argentine concessions of 1970 had been intended to sway public opinion among the islanders in their favour, it had evidently failed. By the mid 70’s, the Argentine Government had evidently grown tired of attempts to seek a purely political resolution and their position hardened. Argentina began to increase the strength of its rhetoric and openly implied the possibility of invasion. This was followed at the beginning of 76 by an Argentine destroyer firing upon and attempting to board a British vessel. March 1976 say a military coup in Argentina; the military had no doubt been increasing in power as the hardening of the Argentine line on the Falklands of the previous few years indicates. Soon after the coup in Argentina, a patrol helicopter from the HMS Endurance discovered an Argentine military presence on Southern Thule, part of the Falkland Islands, a clear violation of British territory. The British Government failed to react in any more serious way than making a formal protest. This Argentine base was allowed to exist unchallenged for five years, right up to the outbreak of the war in 1982. If there was any one factor in the pre war years that convinced the powers that be in Argentine of the lack of political and/or military will to maintain control of the Falkland Islands it was the failure to react appropriately the they unchallenged presence on southern Thule. 1979-80 saw, along with the election of a new Conservative Government in Great Britain, the revival of the lease back idea first proposed by the British in 1975; the idea being that formal sovereignty would transfer to Argentina whilst the British would maintain a military base and continue to administer the islands. The proposal was vehemently opposed by the islanders and their supporters in Britain. Despite this opposition, the Foreign Office pursued the policy whilst Lord Carrington advised the new Prime Minister Thatcher of the likely political consequences at home. The policy was eventually rejected. Following the breakdown of talks, a summit was held in New York, but, as reported in the Economist, the British diplomats were politically restrained and had little or nothing to offer regarding concessions over sovereignty. By the beginning of 1982, the Argentine military junta was thoroughly dissatisfied with the level and pace of progress and, although publicly stating that their aim was a diplomatic solution to the problem, the unstated agenda was sovereignty by the end of the year. The invasion was, perhaps inevitable. Strategic objectives. The strategic importance of the Falkland Islands is very easy to assess, a simple glance at a map is enough. The islands were one of the very few bases for the British in the Southern Atlantic; from the islands the British could maintain a vigil upon activity throughout most of the southern part of South America. For this reason too, it was of vital (probably even greater) importance to Britain’s key ally, the United States. The importance of the islands in friendly hands can be suggested by the unofficial assistance provided to the British task force by the American navy. Thus Britain’s policy objectives were inseparably bound within strategic considerations. The Argentineans perspective was precisely the reverse; they could no longer tolerate a base so close their coastline. An analogy may be seen in the position of the United States over Cuba during the Cold War. The desire to recover the Malvinas Islands was not new, but the military coup did provide new impetus to the policy, along with putting in power people who were not afraid to explore, and finally execute, the military option in order to achieve the objective. Economic objectives. The economic objectives of both sides as a cause of the conflict have been largely ignored by historians. In 1966 the British unofficially told the Argentines that they had no economic interest in the islands at all and that they were largely self sufficient. Although this may have been the case at the time, this position soon changed. By 1975 the British Government established a working committee under, Lord Shackleton, to investigate the economic potential of the islands. The report concluded the islands had enormous fishing potential, as well as potentially significant oil and natural gas reserves. The oil crisis of 1973 and a recent (1973-75) geological survey in the region had suggested the significant potential for the development of local oil and gas fields. Thus, economically the British Government could not allow the islands to pass out of the British sphere of influence. The Argentines were also aware of the economic potential of the islands as the geological survey was not secret, this led to suspicion in Buenos Ares that the â€Å"British were after the islands oil† The importance of the discovery of oil in the region can not be overstated as a reason for increasing tensions in the region. It would have been politically unsound to say the least for the British to cede control of significant new reserves to a foreign power so soon after a global oil crisis. To the Argentineans, the potential exploitation of a major new oil field just a few miles off their coastline, by a foreign power, was unacceptable. Political objectives. Margaret Thatcher had become Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1979; after wresting the leadership from Edward Heath after the electoral defeats of 1974. The early years of the new Thatcher Government were not easy; inflation was a major issue, as was the entrenched power of trade unions. Oil prices were high following a crisis with Iran, further fuelling inflationary pressures. High interest rates and an increase in VAT did not help the domestic economic position, nor did it help British industry, leading to record unemployment and recession. By 1980, both inflation and unemployment were double what they had been at the election the previous year. The obvious domestic political result was a massive slide in popularity of the new Conservative Government and a significant personal decline in the popularity of the Prime Minister. By 1981 unemployment reached 2.5 million and there were riots in Brixton and Toxteth; the following year unemployment stood at 3 million, where it remained for five years. With this domestic backdrop it is hardly surprising that the British put so little emphasis upon the developing crisis in the Southern Atlantic., and the lack of appropriate response to the landings on Southern Thule. The Argentine invasion allowed the Thatcher government to move the focus away from the failing domestic agenda to matters of foreign policy. She surrounded herself in calls of patriotism which the country responded to. The British task force was assembled with remarkable speed and despatched to the Falklands. The recovery of the islands was hailed as a personal triumph for Mrs. Thatcher, and the general feeling of deep political failure with which the crisis began, had been transformed into a sense of resounding and overwhelming success by its conclusion. The Falklands crisis was a major success for the Thatcher Government; confidence was restored, popularity was again high, despite the domestic situation not having improved at all. For the new military junta in Argentina, there was only one possible course of action. Recovery of the Malvinas Islands was a priority. Military regimes generally do not pride themselves on economic success, but rely on strength of arms; an invasion of the islands became inevitable therefore. The unopposed landings on Southern Thule had had a positive effect in Argentina, reinforcing the belief that the islands would return (and soon) to Argentine control. The invasion came soon after and acted to stabilise the political situation in Argentina, the new regime was acting to secure the islands and thus the nation’s borders from foreign imperialist powers. Initially therefore, the invasion was a huge success, although it quickly turned to disaster as the Argentines underestimated the desire of the British to maintain control of the Falklands. Ultimately the invasion was as negative a force for the Argentine junta as it was positive for the Thatcher Government. Conclusion. Despite the initial successes of the operation for the Argentines, the strategy of militarily occupying the islands proved an utter failure. Progress that was being made on diplomatic means of recovery of the islands, even if that had been some kind of shares control, was lost completely. The Thatcher Government began the crisis in deep difficulties on the domestic front, but a victory in warfare, the defending of the realm as it were, proved a resounding success for the Government and restored its failing popularity, despite the dire domestic situation remaining unchanged. The war was, therefore, a significant success for the British. With hindsight we can also say that it helped to lead to eighteen years of Conservative Government, a feat that would surely have been impossible without the Falklands campaign, or with any kind of a failure to recover the islands. Bibliography. P. Beck, The Falkland Islands as an International Problem (London 1988) L. Freedman, Britain and the Falklands War (Oxford 1988) L. S. Gustafson, The Sovereignty Dispute over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands (Oxford 1988) M. Hastings S. Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands (London 1983) D. Kinney, Anglo-Argentinean Diplomacy and the Falklands Crisis, in A. Coll, and Anthony C. Arend, (eds.), The Falklands War: Lessons for Strategy, Diplomacy and International Law (London 1985) G. A. Makin, The Military in Argentine Politics 1880-1982, Millenium: Journal of International Studies, 1983a, 12.1 G. A. Makin, Argentine Approaches to the Falklands/Malvinas: was the Resort to Violence Foreseeable, International Affairs, 1983b, 59.3 M. Middlebrook, Task Force: The Falkland Islands War, 1982, (London 1987) D. Sanders, H. Ward, D. Marsh, Government Popularity and the Falklands War: A Reassessment, British Journal of Political Science, 1987, 17.3 Lord Shackleton, Economic Survey of the Falkland Islands, vol’s 1-2 (London 1976) J. H. Wylie, The Influence of British Arms: an Analysis of British Intervention since 1956, (London 1984) D. S. Zakheim, The Southern Atlantic Conflict: Strategic, Military, and Technological Lessons, in A. Coll, and Anthony C. Arend, (eds.), The Falklands War: Lessons for Strategy, Diplomacy and International Law (London 1985) The Economist, January 24th 1976 The Economist, June 19th 1982 The Times, January 19th 1976

Ads :: essays research papers

Smoke a lot. Drink more of what you have been drinking and try some new stuff. Eat real crappy food. Now go and exercise for ten minutes and soon you will be giving Arnold Swartzenegger a run for his money. Life is good when you are a guy in this day and age, especially when it comes to advertising. Recently I picked up an edition of the latest magazine, Maxim and after reading, starring, and goggling I feel like I have just left a bachelor party. Ad campaigns that are directed toward the male species believe it or not are constructed very simple: sex, booze, money, and did I mention sex? These are the very basic infrastructures of the male psyche. It is hard to believe that after a million years of evolution, placing a man on the moon, and constructing mile high buildings the basic ingredients to a successful advertisement to entice men to buy can be reduced down to sex or how to get it. The January edition of MAXIM magazine (Maxim, 1999) that featured the model/actress Shannon Elizabeth in a very skimpy top is very typical of what men want to see. The cover stories included, "Her secret sex fantasy" and "100 women tell you what really turns them on!" Right. I hate to be a skeptic but why would women want to tell me what turn them on especially after they have kept it a secret up until this point, at least that's what my dad says. On the other hand this could be the new Bible for men. The article of course is an advertisement for a book that I can easily purchase for a measly $9.97 plus shipping and handling. The ad instructs me that this is the latest book from Maxim's secret vault and it is so hot that it should be illegal! Illegal? It is also packed with scorching photos that are too hot for them to show! As I read on I am instructed that I will not believe it till I see it! And I must act now to receive a complimentary poster for the first 100 orders. I thought to myself that perhaps they should have offered a free cold shower because that what I needed after I goggled at the ad for a minute or two. This of course is a typical ploy of marketers according to Jeffery Shrank in "Why you buy-how ads persuade"(Shrank, 1994) in which an illustration is made depicting a technique to persuade using buzzwords.

Analysis of Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon Essays -- Morrison’s Song

Analysis of Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon When someone looks up at a bird they see something soaring through the sky free from the world’s troubles. Through out man’s history they have been trying to find a way to be as free as birds and learn to fly. Unfortunately it has been an unsuccessful feat for man to accomplish. Although man has never really been able to fly on their own, they are able to fly with the help from a little machinery and ingenuity. Macon Dead Jr, or milkman, the nickname he adopted because he nursed from his mother, the protagonist of Song Of Solomon by Toni Morrison, had been trying to fly all of his life. But until he discovers his family’s history and his self-identity he unable to discover the secret that has been plaguing man for many centuries, how to fly. All people want to be free, but it takes a great feat, like flying, for them to be able to. Morrison expresses this idea through the symbolism of flying and Milkman’s yearn to be free and fly, his family history, and t he incident with Pilot and the bird. By discovering this Milkman is able to finally learn what it means, and how it feels to fly. Flying symbolizes many things to Milkman that help him understand his family history and finally become free. According to the Webster Dictionary fly means â€Å"to travel by air†¦ to flee.† (208) â€Å"The central image is Milkman’s desire to fly.† (Mainiero 224) Milkmanwants to flee from his life and be free from all the burdens he has become so accustom to. Morrison shows flying as something that is used to escape or for Milkman to finally find happiness. He would be â€Å"as happy as a fly† (Morrison 142) if he could just escape the people he feels is holding him back and causing him so much despondency. Throughout... ...lps Milkman realize how to fly and find himself. Flying is one thing that will make anyone feel boundless and free from worries and trouble. Everyone wants to feel this kind of freedom, however unless they can fly, they are unable to. It’s obvious that Milkman would want to feel this freedom from all of the burdens that he has been presented with through out the entirety of his life. In his eyes things have gone from bad to worse, and from worse to unbearable. His family history has made it evident to him that it is possible for him to fly and be free, and his ancestors have, he just needs to learn how to do this. Pilate has really brought this idea home with the symbolism shown from the bird flying away with the one object that symbolizes her being, her earring. So in the end Milkman â€Å"now [knows]†¦ if you surrender to the air, you [can] ride it.† (Morrison 363)

affirmative action :: essays research papers

Affirmative action is just because it gives a fair advantage to black Americans, women and other minorities who have suffered from the effects of social injustice in our country. Majorities have constantly opposed affirmative action because they view it as an injustice directed to them. In Grutter v Bollinger, one can say that affirmative action is just because it is a benign discrimination. One might say that the law school?s consideration of African Americans, Hispanics and Native American student?s (who otherwise might not be represented in the student body) is unjust. However, considering the facts of the case, the school?s policy does not define diversity solely in terms of racial and ethnic status and does not restrict the types of diversity contributions eligible for ?substantial weight.? Grutter?s grade point average was remarkable but data demonstrates that test and high grade point average is not necessarily the best predictors of future success. The law school considers diversity in their admissions because they think that diversity promotes learning outcomes and better prepare students fro an increasingly diverse workforce for society and for the legal profession. Many people would argue that, there is no studies that prove that diversity promotes learni ng outcomes, but what we know is that, the law school considers diversity for a positive motive. Through diversity, students would be understanding of each others culture and come to respect different views. The school?s program is also flexible enough to ensure that each applicant is evaluated as an individual and not in a way that makes race or ethnicity the defining feature of the application. The law school has also been found to have considered non-minorities with low grade point averages and therefore, Grutter cannot prove that she was rejected solely because of her race. Affirmative action is just because it helps correct the injustice done to specific groups. Through affirmative action, people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were denied their right to equal opportunities are now able to enter institutions where they explore different aspects of learning and contribute to the society. We now have blacks and women who are lawyers, cops, doctors and engineers. This is important because people of the same race are sympathetic to themselves. A black lawyer would be more passionate about defending his/her client of the same race and also a female doctor would be at a best position to understand what her fellow female goes through and also a woman would be most comfortable with a female gynecologists than a male gynecologist.

Tv Manufacturing Industry in India

Analysis of TV Manufacturing Industry By: Manglesh R. Yadav Table Of Contents: 1. History Of TV in India3 2. Samsung Electronics3 3. LG Electronics8 4. SONY11 5. Videocon13 6. My View15 7. References17 Television Manufacturers and their growth History Of TV in India: Television has been in India for over 40 years now. During the first few years the growth of television was very sparing and the distribution happened of mostly black and white sets. This was because in the early period the people used to think of it as a luxury item without which the life could go on.It is in the last 25 years that the television market has picked up pace and is growing rapidly. A very significant year in the advent of television industry in India was 1982. This was the time when the Indian government allowed import of thousands of color TV sets for the broadcast of Asian Games held in New Delhi. After this the real boom of TV industry started. Today India is the largest market for TV sets and also view ership. Not only this, but overall TV industry is the most booming sector among consumer electronics in India. The main market capture is divided in between Samsung, LG, Sony, Panasonic, etc.Samsung History: Samsung Electronics is a South Korean organization which manufactures TV and is globally the leader in LCD TV section. For over 70 years Samsung Electronics has served the world with new innovations. On March 1, 1938, founding chairman Byung-Chull Lee started business in Taegu, Korea. Samsung started the production of its first Black and white television (model: P-3202) in 1970. In the phase from 1990-99 Samsung came up with lot of innovations and they were the first company to produce and supply a whole line of digital TVs.In 2010 Samsung Electronics began mass producing industry’s first 3D TV panel. Over the years Samsung has won lot of awards for its TV manufacturing capabilities. â€Å"At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy: to devote our talent and techn ology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society†. Vision: The vision for Samsung is â€Å"†Inspire the World, Create the Future. † â€Å"This new vision reflects Samsung Electronics’ commitment to inspiring its communities by leveraging Samsung's three key strengths: â€Å"New Technology,† â€Å"Innovative Products,† and â€Å"Creative Solutions. — and to promoting new value for Samsung's core networks — Industry, Partners, and Employees. Through these efforts, Samsung hopes to contribute to a better world and a richer experience for all. † Products: Samsung has huge variety of TV types to select from: LED TV: The Future Smart TV It has very good picture quality. The new series in this category has voice and motion control, Face recognition. It also has good 3D experience. There are a total of 31 different TV sets available in this category belonging from series 4 to series 8 an d also from 19 inches to ones above 50 inches.The TV sets also range from 13000 rupees to 273000 rupees. LCD TV: See Richer Colours with Wide Colour Enhancers. It has a slim design and it produces crisp picture quality. The colours in the picture seem to come to life because of its stunning LCD screen. There a total of 4 different variants present in this section. All this are in series 4 and are present in 22 inches and 32 inches sizes. The TV sets range from 13000 rupees to 28000 rupees. Plasma TV: Ultimate BIG Screen Entertainment. It has stunning design and picture quality.You get smooth motion pictures, high contrasting picture quality with motion control and face detection. The TV set also provides web connectivity. There are a total of 8 different variants present in this section. The TV sets series is 4+, 5+, and 8+. The TV is present in 43 inches, 51 inches and 64 inches. The cost ranges from 38000 to 240000. Ultra Slim Fit TV: 40% slimmer 20% lighter 100% stylish The Ultra SlimFit TV incorporates a revolutionary compact. These TVs fit in any corner of your home and stylish life elegantly. There are a total of 22 different variants present in this section.The TV ranges from 20-29 inches in size. The cost of these TVs ranges from 8500 to 16000 rupees. Flat TV: Technology that celebrates LIFE. The technology and style of these TVs are combined for a better entertainment. It’s a TV that suits the budget but does not compromise on quality and technology. There are a total of 14 variants for this section. The TV ranges from 20-29 inches in size. The cost of these TVs ranges from 7700 to 15000 rupees. Support: Samsung Electronics gives u a free download of all the Manuals and required downloads for any type of TV set.It also has an online Help & Support system which helps the customers to have quick fix of some know issues. It has a very good network of its support service which reaches the customers doorstep on demand. It has a good feedback system. Promotions: In television industry Samsung has been the leader due to its innovative TV sets and the latest ones the LED ES8000 and ES7500 series and the Plasma E8000 series in the Indian market has been the new age Smart TV which will remain in the market and improve the share of the manufacturer until a new innovation is out.The costing of this TV has been kept in minds and has been in the range where in people will get out and try buying it for the sheer experience the TV gives. Also it is the sponsor for Chelsea Football Club which makes people aware about the brand. They put out the products at some huge exhibitions so that the public can himself come and see the televisions capabilities. They have a very strong advertising campaign wherein they use big celebrities and also sign big singing groups. Place: The products are sold not only at retail store, huge super markets but also online.So the consumer can go and buy it from a huge network of places and make him satisfied with experience he gets out of it. LG History: LG Electronics was founded in 1958 back then the name of the company was Goldstar. It has been first producer of lot of electronics items in Korea. It was the first producer of radio in 1959. It produced the first refrigerator of Korea in 1965, First producer of Black & White TV in Korea in 1966, First air-conditioner in 1968, first washing machine produced in 1969, first colour TV produced in 1977, etc. Goldstar changed to LG Electronics in 1995.The first producer for â€Å"40-inch Plasma TV and the world’s first IC set for DTVs developed India production subsidiary (LGEIL) established† in 1997 also produced World’s first 60 â€Å" plasma TV in 1998. LG has been also the first Company to commercialize some of the biggest sizes of plasma TV of 71† in 2004 and 102† in 2005. LG was also the first to commercialize the largest LCD TV of 55† in 2004. Thus LG has been the pioneer in producing of new technic al innovations in TV manufacturing Industry and has won lot of awards for it. Brand Identity:The brand is known for its four basic elements : Value, Innovation, People, Passion The word LG in the logo speaks for itself , It symbolises that the consumer of LG is in close relationship with LG and you will also find that the colour or the texture of LG logo has never changed as it symbolises that they want to deliver the best to their customers over a long period of time. Brand Logo: Face: The stylized face symbolizes for the companies friendliness and easy approachability. Circle: The circle represents the globe and also the humanity, it also represents the youth and the future.Shape: The upper end on the right is intentionally left blank to make it asymmetric which represents innovative thinking. Colours: LG Red mainly symbolizes friendliness and also its commitment to deliver the best to its customers. LG Gray represents technology and reliability. Vision: LG visions itself to provi de its customers with innovative products and superior service while aiming to be in the top 3 companies in the world. They also hold their philosophy â€Å" Great Company, Great People† as they think that only great people together can create a great company. Products: Plasma TV:It provides razor sharp pictures which gives the customer an experience of a theatre/stadium at home. This has 10 different variants and each one is a sleek design to impress the consumer buying it. These TVs are in 42†, 50† and 60† in size. LG Pentouch TV – Touch The Wonder. This variant allows the kids and even grown-ups to draw on huge wide screen. Flat Colour TV: The TVs are a perfect blend of good pictures and good sound quality. This category has good blend of slim TVs and also the ones which provide good sound and picture quality. The variants in this category are 33 and are of 14†, 21† and 29†+ in size.HD LCD TV: These are full HD TVs with advanced I PS LCD Panels, Smart Energy Saving. The TVs are eco-friendly in the sense they consume less electricity but still provide good picture quality. These Smart TVs can be connected to external HDs and movies can be viewed. This category has 19 variants and is available in 22†, 32† and 42† sizes. 3D TV: These TVs are stylish and good in 3D quality. LG Cinema 3D Smart TV means battery free 3D Glasses, 2D to 3D Conversion & a 3 mode magic motion remote control together bringing more convenience in watching 3D & controlling Smart functions.It has built in Wi-Fi system and loads of smart functions to use. There are 29 variants in this category. The sizes vary from 47† and 55†. Pricing: The pricing of the TVs in each category is at a level which is not heavy for the pockets of the consumer. The TVs in Flat TV category are ranging from 8000 to 25000 rupees. The TV are priced as per the technology grows with each variant. LG TV is trying to capture 50% share of the marketing 3D TV by launching new series in the Indian Market. Last year the market share in 3D Tv for LG was 40%. The new smart 3D TVs are priced from 55000 to 700000 rupees (http://articles. conomictimes. indiatimes. com/2012-05-05/news/31586465_1_market-share-lg-electronics-new-range). LG has been conferred upon the most durable brand by â€Å"Brand Trust Report 2012†. They have come up with new TVs which give a good gaming experience along with good picture quality. Promotions: LG is a main sponsor for the ICC Cricket World Cup, the pinnacle event for cricketing world. LG is official Global Partner of Formula1 and also Technology partner of Formula1. It has a very good advertising campaign where in they always focus on consumers and their satisfaction as their prime objective. Place:The products are sold not only at retail store, huge super markets but also online. So the consumer can go and buy it from a huge network of places and make him satisfied with experience he ge ts out of it. Sony History: Sony is a Japanese company established in 1946. It launched the first magnetic â€Å"G-type† recorder in Japan in 1950, Japan’s first radio â€Å"TR-55† in 1955. Sony launched World’s first transistor TV â€Å"TV8-301† in 1960, Trinitron colour TV in 1968. In the years to come Sony introduced a lot of new innovations in the market. The most important product of Sony is Bravia the technology and the TV had live colour creation capabilities.SONY India was established in 1994 and since then the Sony has touched lives of people in one way or the other with its exemplary brands. make. believe: It symbolizes the spirit of SONY. It stands for the power of creativity of SONY, ability to turn ideas into reality and also makes believe that we can imagine anything. The dot in between make and believe symbolizes SONY. The dot links imagination and reality, It’s the point of ignition for reality. Vision: Sony visions to be the leader of the electronics industry. Sony also envisions itself to be a socially responsible organization and focuses on saving the environment.It has implemented a good CSR policy of E-waste management. Products: There is a broad classification of products under two main categories: 1). SONY BRAVIA TVs: There are a total of 10 series in this section. Bravia is built around a unique and superior technology to enhance the viewer’s satisfaction. The use of intelligent peak LEDs have the capability to give a very good contrast experience. The TV is FULL HD and has good resolution so that even low resolution videos appear good. It has web connectivity on the high end models. The series has TVs with sizes from 22† to 65†.The pricing of TVs in this section is from as low as 15000 to 359900 rupees. There is a TV which will fir everyone’s pocket and have a mix of good features along with it. 2). Public Display Panel: The TV is designed for the purpose of public vie wing. It has some very good and sleek functions. It has good sound and viewing quality. The viewing of this TV will never disappoint anyone. There are 2 variants in this series of two sizes 32† and 40†. The pricing of these two TVs is 89990 and 119990 rupees. The TVs are available in 2 colours Black and Grey. Promotions:Sony has very wide and extensive advertising campaign. It has brand face for its products. SONY has an exclusive agreement with FIFA (source: http://www. sony. com. au/section/sponsorship). It is able to reach to the masses through the sport. Sony is ready to be with all those organizations that have similar mindset and similar technological worth as it enjoys. Place: The products are sold not only at retail store, huge super markets but also online. So the consumer can go and buy it from a huge network of places and make him satisfied with experience he gets out of it. VideoconHistory: Videocon Group was founded in 1986 by Nandalaji Dhoot . It is headqua rtered in Gurgaon (NCR Delhi) and it is an Indian MNC. It is the third largest picture tube producer. It has a technical tie up with Thomson Corporation from Japan. It started producing Colour TV in 1985. It produced Flat tube for B TV. Videocon overtook Philips Colour TV plant in 2000. Vision: â€Å"To delight and deliver beyond expectation through ingenious strategy, intrepid entrepreneurship, improved technology, innovative products, insightful marketing and inspired thinking about the future. †Product: There are 5 categories in this brand LED TV: This TV gives a clear picture quality and a good sound quality. There are 4 different sections in this category. Elena-3D – It has 1 variant and is 55† in size. Persistence- There are 6 different variants in this section. The different sizes available in this section are 24†, 32† and 40†. Orion- There are 4 different variants in this section. The different sizes available in this section are 24†, 32† and 42†. Razor- It has 1 variant and is 32† in size. LCD TV: This TV has the LDC panel view and give a sharp picture quality.There are 6 different sections in this category. Magnum- There are 4 different variants in this section. The different sizes available in this section are 22†, 26† and 32†. Sapphire- There are 7 different variants in this section. The different sizes available in this section are 22†, 24†, 32† and 40†. Pearl- There are 5 different variants in this section. The different sizes available in this section are 19†, 22†, 24†, and 32†. Cyclone- There are 5 different variants in this section. The different sizes available in this section are 22†, 24†, 26†, 32† and 40†.Prestige- It has 1 variant and is 32† in size. Envira – It has 1 variant and is 42† in size. Ultra Slim TV: This category has ultra slim TV with great picture quali ty and good sound. It also has good contrast ratio. There are a total of 22 variants in this section. These Tv sets are available in 14† and 21†. FLAT TV: This category TV sets have flat LCD panel which enhances a good viewing experience. It has good sound quality. There are only 2 variants in this section and both being 21† in size. Conventional TV: This category TV sets are as per the earlier time televisions with a big box.It is good in picture viewing but looks a little bulky. There are 6 variants in this section. It is available in 14† and 21†. Pricing: The costing of the TVs is very good. The consumer can enjoy and will be satisfied by the amount he pays for this TV. The lowest TV is available in 8000 to a maximum of 150000 rupees. Promotion: It has a very advertising campaign. It is an official sponsor for IIFA weekend. It is also an official sponsor for IPL. Videocon is a very active company and gives sponsorships to a lot of events and hence is always in touch with the people and in their mind.Place: The focus of Videocon is on its good distribution network. The products are sold not only at retail store, huge super markets but also online. So the consumer can go and buy it from a huge network of places and make him satisfied with experience he gets out of it. My Views: The television Industry is an ever growing industry and new innovations come in this market almost every year. Each of the companies in the race to become the no. 1 brand is trying to give the consumer a new kind of an experience be it through good picture quality, good sound, multitasking of the SMART TV, etc.There is still a potential market for television industry waiting in the rural part of the country. As the urbanization is increasing the rural part of the country is the new market which will lead for a boom in the TV manufacturing industry. The brand which touches the nerve of the consumer and will be successful in making new consumer base through its great innovations will be the one to look out for. As for now the race is very tight in between Samsung and LG on world scenario and Videocon in the Indian scenario. The market share: We see that Samsung is the highest selling TV with LG second, SONY third.Thus the consumer will keep on buying as he gets his money worth with the experience. References http://www. samsung. com/ http://www. lg. com/ http://www. sony. co. in/ http://www. videoconworld. com/ http://www. samsung. com/in/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/valuesphilosophy. html http://www. samsung. com/in/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/vision. html http://www. samsung. com/in/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/ourperformance/samsungprofile. html http://www. lg. com/in/about-lg/corporate-information/overview/facts-figures. jsp http://lgindiablog. com/

Tim O’Brien “The Things They Carried”, and His Writing Style

In his humbug The Things They Carried OBrien depicts casualties of Vietnam cont exterminate by agent of evolution of consultations wound up and psycho crystal clear state. Psychological pressure is caused by contend, nonwithstanding OBrien portrays it symbolic e reallyy finished hearty and frantic things the spends carry. He gives a minute dip of everything soldiers take. The evolution of wound up wisdom of the gentleman and value is depicted through the reference point of Lieutenant Jim cross focusing.His negligence, passion for a girl and narrow-mindedness causes a stopping point of i of the soldiers, and this event shoves his to revise his determine and ethical order of a soldier. OBrien uses a simple language, scarce symbolization and stylistic devices helps him to unfold the message of the stage. The short twaddle The Things They Carried was published in 1990. It describes the events of Vietnam contend and analyzes secret fictional typesetter s casel feelings of the chief(prenominal) heroes, and things they were approach with during state of wartime. Soldiers carry as physical bodyed things with them.Under things OBrien means weapons and ammunition as well as terror, applaud, personal values and beliefs, alone to the highest degree everyone humped photographs (p. 4). This stage vividly depicts privileged state of the characters during wartime and their living essentials such as misgiving, kindness, love, and uncertainty. These things argon so important for them as ammunition during wartime, because they help the main heroes to batter depression and difficulties they face with. It is important that a set of things has been re primed(p), and at the end of the story the heroes carry a completely polar things with them.As Kaplan characterizes war stories Al on the justton about all in all of the publications on the war, both fictional and nonfictional, makes legislate that the all certain thing during the Vietnam contend was that energy was certain (Kaplan, 1993, p. 43). The main character of the book is Lieutenant Jim tangle, a populace who falls in love with a girl who does not return his feelings. Jim scrams capaciously and can do nothing but dreaming about close transaction with this girl. His negligence of duties costs breeding one of his soldiers, and after this terrible event, he puts an end to his false dreams, and rethink intimately of his values and views.It was real numberly difficult to him to change his worldview but he was strong enough to fascinate a panache with emotional bill, and re-sort his things. The main idea of the text edition is that wartime has a great impact on feelings and views of good deal. When one persons actions begin to affect an another(prenominal)(prenominal) person, we lose moved from personal ethical motive to social morals and often have to shopping centre some limits on service military man behavior (Bowen, Weigl, 1997). The story lessonity states that everyone is trusty for his induce actions, and it is useless to blame everything on the sight around you.Jim Cross is depicted as the person who is abundant of sprightliness experience, but still has not demonstrate the truth of life. The story The Things They Carried portrays that for some soldiers their encumbrance is too heavy and they cannot carry it any longer. At the beginning of the story OBrien describes things they carry what they carry was partly a function of rank, partly a champaign spatiality (OBrien, p. 5). Further, for most of them it is difficult to change their attitude towards life, but the rat-trap of war has an great influence on their outlook.For instance, Jim Cross has destroy all pictures of Martha and shifts his attention to duties. These rouses the supplies the hands carried to mystify physically alive argon placed on the aforesaid(prenominal) level in terms of description as the objects carried that provided emot ional sustenance to the men of the platoon (Posek, 1997). The other main characters, Ted chromatic, Kiowa, Lee Strunk, and Henry Dobbins, are a the like carry their things which differ because they have incompatible life experiences and expectations. Nevertheless, war forces them to carry the same psychological things as scary and hope.They submit to adapt to war, but the only way for them is to change their habits and personal values. Some of them like Ted lavenders conditioned to this world using their own way, but fails. subconscious mind persuasion and mind-altering drugs have no effects. This causes lack of coincidence among war and personal feelings, since many of the characters struggling to go their emotions season everyone else struggles to suppress their feelings. OBrien depicts that when fear starts to dominate, people ordinarily act in their own interests, they cast down as the keepers of tradition and morality.It remains unsatisfying that the social issues that are generally place as pertaining to piling with questions of individual choice, quite a than of communal responsibility. Besides, material things the characters carry emotion burden Grief, terror, love, impulse these were intangibles, but the intangibles had their own mass and special gravity, they had tangible weight. (OBrien p. 6). The remarkable feature of OBriens dash is very exact descriptions As a first surrogate and platoon leader, prise Cross carried a compass, maps, ordinance books, binoculars, and a . 45(c) caliber pistol that weighed 2.9 pounds full loaded. (OBrien p. 4). tiny list of material things the soldiers carried helps OBrien to force a subscriber to under(a)stand a burden they carried. OBrien goes far beyond a simplistic description accustomed a weight of each particular the soldiers carries. The weapon weighed 7. 5 pounds unloaded, 8. 2 pounds with its full 20 round magazine. The riflemen carried anyplace from 12 to 20 magazines adding on another 8. 4 pounds at minimum, 14 pounds at maximum. (OBrien, p. 5). OBrien is a keen observer of people, diachronic and war events which is manifested in his direction of writing.OBrien depicts that a battlefield is the most terrible place he has ever seen. In this hookup of the short stories he portrays the futility of soldiers stopping points and sufferings of men who are still alive, but know that termination is around the corner. The message of his stories is that war is sensationless, war brings only grief and constant tension to be killed. In the story OBrien rings up questions look uping moral health of people, and in spite of all the electronegative life lessons soldiers understand what it is to be an individual.Throughout the story in that location is a certain(prenominal) blame unmoral behaviour of the people, but it is most poignantly and symbolically demonstrated with the rejection of earlier life. OBrien shows that the inner state of soldiers has changed, and the lecturers cannot realize a cynical man as most of them were before the war. On the other hand, war causes people to be drive insensitive. Obrien depicts that the psychological state of Jim Cross has changed. He has not a a love man as he was depicted at the beginning of the story.To some extent, the moment of last caused the awakening of many characters in the story. For instance, Jim Cross sees the truth of life only when the soldier dies because of his negligence. OBrien depicts that fear applied to love leads to individual degradation. Tolerance protects that diversity and demands respect. Jim Cross is a person who fights with his own soil changing his personal views after Ted Lavenders conclusion. When fear starts to dominate, people usually act in their own interests, they degrade as the keepers of customs duty and morality.It remains disappointing that the social issues that are generally identified as pertaining to deal with questions of individual choice, rath er than of communal responsibility. The most impressive and respectable is the last scene of the story, when after the death of Lavender Jim burns Marthas garner and photographs promising never have fantasies. The facts mentioned preceding(prenominal) prove the idea that only in difficult situations people show their real nature and values. Toughness stems not from insensitiveness but from a strict persona edict which functions as the characters sole exculpation against the elicit chaos of war.OBrien possesses a uncommon style of writing which appeals to readers mind and emotions. make-up of the agent is filled with meaning and symbolism, enigmatical in plain sight below a seamless narrative style that breathes not a word of agenda, of dogma, or of personal belief. In this way, his writing contains noesis that is hidden to all, but give only hints to be comprehended. Also significant in the writing style of OBrien is a tendency to take on the character point of view in the narrative. The delegacy of the material is very affective.The structure of the world is aimed to compel readers to think the problem over. wee-wee representation underlined the authors sensation of the issues under discussion. The vocabulary is mostly neutral. look and choice of words create a sophisticated tone, but, as the most important, extemporary readers understand the message of the chapter without difficulties, because the OBriens language is very vivid and clear. He appeals to such universal virtues as compare and faith, and gives insight look into the root of the problem.The most important that the second chapter provides it readers, especially those who are not familiar with the reality of war. there are no romantic and protracted descriptions in the short stories, but description of events and emotions ae very concise and brief. OBrien depicts that our coherent and organized world one feels sometimes the need of a change. He draws the reader into the text, calling the readers attention to the process of trick and challenging him to determine which, if any, of the stories are professedly (Calloway, 1995, p. 249).The repetition technique helps to shift logical stress and draws the readers attention to some divulge elements of the sentence structure, helping to shape authors message Thats what stories are for. Stories are for joining the olden to the future. Stories are for those late hours in the dark when you cant remember how you got from where you were to where you are. Stories are for eternity, when memory is erased, when there is nothing to remember except the story. (OBrien p. 40). The appealingness of his stories can be called a line up war story as it describes casualties of life experienced by soldiers.OBrien states that war is stone potraying in-depth and sensitive exploration of soldiers hearts and minds (Literary Encyclopedia. 2005). The author depicts that war is a dangerous and frightening evil which change emot ion and feeling, views and customs of soldiers. In spite of all the negative life lessons Jim Cross understands what it is to be an individual, and re-sorts his things he carried. It was the only way for all soldiers to proceed during war. At the end of the story things air a strict ethical code which functions as the characters sole defense against the overwhelming chaos of war.They set of things include the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic and always painful. The story teaches that a produce person acts in accordance with his own ethical code evolution an approach to life that helps him get through the day. As OBrien writes By telling stories, you objectify your own experience. You rive it from yourself (OBrien, p. 9). His characters are mature persons who act in accordance with their own morals developing an approach to life that helps them get through the day.The evolution of a character from a narrow-minded person who does not g uardianship much about the consequences of his actions to a mature personality is another feature of style of writing Id come to this war a quiet, thoughtful sort of person, a college grad, Phi Beta Kappa and summa cum laude, all the credentials, but after seven months in the bush I realized that those high, educate trappings had somehow been crushed under the weight of the simple daily realities. Id turned mean wrong (OBrien, p. 9).To conclude, OBrien uses different specific techniques and different stylistics devices to convey a message of the stories and appeals to emotions of readers and imagination. development of characters, simple vocabulary and a deep emotional impact on the reader are the main writing features of OBrien.Brainstorming IdeasWhy did OBrien give detailed list of all things the soldiers carries?OBrien depicts a death of Ted Lavender. Why did he select this character?Was it so important to kill individual?OBrien uses the theme of love at the beginning of the story. Why?What material and emotional things the soldiers carry? What is their meaning?What is the link among morality of the characters and their actions? Did it affect the other characters? How?The war is not sweet for those people who suffer from it. OBrien describes, explains and justifies soldiers in terms of a deep and ineradicable difference between past and present. In stories OBrien uses emotional impact with the implication of uncertainty, disinclination and deliberation. At the end, OBrien criticizes horrific and wretched nature of war which change people and their world perception.Symbols, metaphors, repetition helps to impress the reader and appeal to his emotions. Emotional burden should not be taken for granted at a causal explanation of death. However, a war giving special deduction to the uniqueness led to a particular concern about the common sense of reflecting the lust of individual to find relief from emotional pressure. For most of the soldiers a a sense o f being in the army to be fully expressed and developed requires that the people enjoy the right to decide upon their destiny.Second, at a personal level, it obviously makes relationships with others feasible, creating a world of meaning. War is a full-strength journey for men it helps to make choices, makes possible relationships with others, and gives strength and resilience. At the beginning of the story many characters were not prepared to speech the life to save the life of others while at the end they became real soldiers coif to rescuer their life.Note Cards1. One thing for sure, he said. The lieutenants in some deep hurt. I mean that crying jag the way he was carrying on it wasnt fake or anything, it was real heavy-duty hurt (OBrien 17).2. (about cowardice) In many respects this was the heaviest burden of all, for it could never be put down. (OBrien 13).3. The emotions are the heaviest burden because we cannot throw it down.4. The death of Ted Lavender is a push, which forces soldiers to look for the truth (sense) of life.5. The death of Ted Lavender is a watershed between past and future, old values and new ethics of a soldier.6. It was very sad the things men carried inside. (OBrien 10). 7. By telling stories, you objectify your own experience. You separate it from yourself (OBrien, p.9).8. They carried the soldiers greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place, nothing positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just to avoid the blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of embarrassment (OBrien, p. 3).9. fearfulness applied to love leads to individual degradation.10. Soldiers carried the burden of the world (war).11. Some escaped the fear, but dealt with the death and damage. Some made very hard decisions, and some just attempt to survive (OBrien, p.11).Work Cited1. Bowen, K. , Weigl, B. Writing between the Lines An Anthol ogy on War and Its Social Consequences, University of Massachusetts Press, 1997.2. Calloway, C. How to recite a True War myth Metafiction in the Things They Carried, Critique, Vol. 36, 1995, pp. 249-257.3. Kaplan, S. The Undying Uncertainty of the vote counter in Tim OBriens the Things They Carried. Critique, Vol. 35, 1993, pp. 43-52.4. OBrien, T. Literary Encyclopedia. 2005. Available at http//www. litencyc. com/php/speople. php? rec=true&UID=33705. OBrien, T. The Things They Carried. Broadway, 1998.6. Posek, J. The Paradox of emergency in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Literature Seminar 180J, November 17, 1997.Available at http//www. nd. edu/frswrite/mcpartlin/1998/Posek. shtml gulping Quotes As a first lieutenant and platoon leader, Jimmy Cross carried a compass, maps, code books, binoculars, and a . 45(c) caliber pistol that weighed 2. 9 pounds full loaded. (p. 4). The weapon weighed 7. 5 pounds unloaded, 8. 2 pounds with its full 20 round magazine. The riflemen carr ied anywhere from 12 to 20 magazines addin